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-Industrial applications such as automation,
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-on a master sync generator that produces
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-black burst that s distributed and
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-audio systems, it s a word clock generator
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-that provides the reference. In each of
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-these cases, a separate cable is generally
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-The grandmaster transmits over the
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-Unlike in a video system, the IEEE 1588
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-cables. Rather it is transmitted on the same
-network as the digital audio packets. However
-the timing and audio packets are completely separate. When the PTP message
-(clock data) is received by a device on the
-network, it runs an algorithm to adjust its
-local clock to synchronize with the grandmaster
-clock.
-When the grandmaster sends its PTP
-messages, it takes a finite amount of time
-to reach all the slave devices on the IP network.
-To provide greater timing accuracy,
-IEEE 1588 provides a means to measure the
-roundtrip time from grandmaster to slave
-and back to grandmaster, and to compensate
-for this offset.
-BACK TO THE SWITCHES<br>
-In addition to this roundtrip delay,
-there are also delays through the Ethernet
-switches themselves as they buffer and
-transmit data packets. If a switch could provide
-a measurement of how long it takes a
-packet to get through it, that information
-could also be used to fine-tune timing. The
-revision of IEEE 1588 provides for
-what is called a transparent clock that
-does just that.
-A switch with a transparent clock, tries
-to correct the time stamp for the time packet,
-Shay, who is also chief science officer
-for Telos Alliance, said. This occurs in the
-switch itself and reduces the error at each
-stage of the process.
-A problem for an AES67 system design
-is that switches with transparent clocks
-aren t that common, at least not right now.
- There are some IEEE 1588-aware switches.
-Shay said. These switches are not yet
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-In addition to the types of clocks already
-mentioned, IEEE 1588 describes yet another type, a boundary clock, which slaves to
-a grandmaster and, acting like a sub-master,
-retransmits timing data to slave devices
-down the line.
-Audio over IP is multichannel in the
-sense that a source connected in some way
-to the network can be made available to every
-other destination device. No more need
-for audio distribution amplifiers to send
-shared feeds to different studios.
-Shay said that a 1 gigabit Ethernet connection
-can carry 250 stereo audio channels.
-Of course redundant cables would be
-good systems design.
- This is the point where MADI is way
-obsolete, he said. AoIP has many times
-more capacity than MADI with a smaller
-cable connection.