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Manufacturers of electronic devices, from your home audio equipment to automotive keyless entry systems, are increasingly seeking a reliable, affordable way of uniquely identifying and tracking items through the manufacturing period, revenue distribution and after-sale warranty confirmation. An autonomous, automated tracking system requires that the permanent, machine-readable code be reproduced to an internal printed circuit board to uniquely identify each item. The signal must be tough enough to survive production operations including wave solder and panel cleaning, must not affect circuit efficiency, and must store information in the tiny space available o-n real-estate aware printed circuit boards. The 2D matrix signal supplies a means to store alphanumeric character strings in very small aspects of the printed circuit board. Laser observing technology offers a method for permanently implementing 2D matrix limitations to the majority of board substrates. The high-accuracy and high-resolution of beam-steered laser marking systems offers the means to produce well-defined, high consistency codes regardless of code size. Laser marking also supplies the user with a computer-controlled marking process for easy setup into computerized item monitoring systems. ECC 200 2-d Matrix Codes Two-dimensional symbologies encode information in-the type of a checkerboard pattern of on/off cells. Particular advantages of Data Matrix rules over old-fashioned 1D barcodes include Encode data electronically, as opposed to the analog encoding of information in traditional barcodes. Could provide low-contrast printing on areas without requiring a name Offer very high information density - the greatest among other common 2D limitations, meaning it is possible to place lots of information in a very small place. They're scalable, meaning it is possible to print them and read them in various quantities of magnification - only limited by the solution of the printing and imaging methods. Visiting ems companies probably provides lessons you might use with your boss. Due to the high information density natural to Data Matrix requirements, they also provide built-in error-correction methods which allow fully recovering the message encoded in a Data Matrix symbol even though the level is broken and missing up to 20 of the symbol. They're read by camcorders in place of a scanned laser beam used for studying mainstream barcodes, meaning they may be read in any direction. ECC 200 Data Matrix is the most used 2-D symbology with extensive use in automotive, aerospace, electronics, semiconductor, medical units and other manufacturing unit-level traceability programs. Where conventional barcodes were too big data Matrix requirements are typically not replacing traditional linear barcodes, but are used, did not provide sufficient storage capacity, or were unreadable. Information Matrix Rule Design The 2D matrix rules appear as-a 'checkerboard' using the individual squares (cells) in either on on (white) or off (black) state. The signal contains four distinct components. The Finder 'D' Pattern consists of a good line of cells along the left edge and bottom of the code that orients the reader to the format of the 2D code. The Clock Track is a collection of on/off cells along the right side and top of the rule that designates the row/column count to the reader. The Data Region is the pattern of black and white cells within the L pattern and the time tracks that have the alphanumeric content of the signal. The Quiet Zone around the rule must be free of any characteristics that could be apparent to the reader. The quiet area ought to be at least two rows/columns wide for codes made of square cells. To research additional info, we recommend people glance at electronic manufacturing services. The quiet area should be a minimum of four rows/columns wide for limitations made out of circular cells (dots). ECC 200 Data Matrix requirements can store up to 3,116 numeric, 2,335 alphanumeric characters or 1,555 bytes of binary information in a 144 order by 144 row variety. More practical mark measurements for printed circuit boards may still have a significant amount of information. Laser Observing Program The laser marking system contains the optics, the laser source, and the system. The laser is a light amplifier generating a bright, collimated beam of light in a specific wavelength. For solder and FR4 mask purposes, many users select the air-cooled CO2 laser operating at-the 10,640nm far-infrared wavelength. This laser provides several performance and cost benefits, and produces exemplary observing results. This striking electronic contract manufacturers portfolio has a few compelling warnings for the meaning behind this enterprise. The laser beam is projected through two beam-deflecting mirrors mounted to high-speed, high-accuracy galvanometers. As the mirrors are rotated under direction of the process computer, the laserlight scans across the target marking surface to 'bring' the required marking picture. It is focused for the smallest spot possible by flat-field focusing optics, after the laser beam is deflected from the beam-steering mirrors. The flat-field focusing assembly is a multi-element optical system made to keep the focal plane of the focused laser beam on a relatively flat plane through the observing field. The focused laser light somewhat advances the power density and associated marking power. The purpose of the laser optical train would be to focus the laser beam into a little place and to scan the laser beam over the target area with high speed and accuracy. With-the CO2 laser setup, the focused spot diameter and connected marking line width is about 0.0035' to 0.004.' Man-readable text characters can be as small as 0.040' and 2-d matrix codes can be made out of individual features as small as one 0.004' dot. PCB Noticing To mark printed circuit boards, heat generated by the laser thermally alters the top of the board to create a diverse, readable mark. The method does not need labels, stencils, punches or every other auxiliary hard-ware or palatable. For printed circuit board applications, several different versions with this technique can be used for background conditions and different board/coating components. Solder mask or other Conformal Coatings on FR4 Boards - The laser can change the consistency of the coating, giving a light different appearance to it, or can completely take away the coating to reveal the underlying substrate or copper ground plane. Uncoated FR4 - The laser beam changes the texture of the outer lining of the FR4 creating a near white appearance. Silk-screened Printer Block - For people who already silkscreen portion identification or other fixed home elevators the boards, a silk-screened white ink block can be a back ground to the 2D matrix code to-optimize readability. This system is specially helpful when E The back ground color of the board is similar to the color of the laser level. E Underlying circuitry would obscure the picture to code readers. E The board material isn't ideal for laser marking, such as ceramic substrates. 2-d Matrix Rule Verification Evidence of the content and legibility of the 2D matrix codes is definitely an important part of the general quality plan. After marking of every world, the reader confirms the integrity of the mark before indexing the laser marking visit another marking site. The reader retrieves the alpha-numeric text string from the 2D code and compares it with the text string that was to be noted. The audience also measures the legibility of the rule based o-n various variables including foreground/background distinction, geometric accuracy (skew, squareness, etc.) and the dimensional accuracy of both the marked and unmarked cells. The 2D matrix requirements are then grouped as passed (green), informed (yellow) or unsuccessful (red). For overall manufacturing efficiency, the laser system may be programmed to confirm only a select few 2-d limitations on a panel, when the code legibility falls below a given level then to automatically change to confirming every code. Today's visitors do a superb work reading lower comparison 2-d rules. If the laser marking system is mounted on an assembly line with older 2D matrix readers downstream from the laser sign, the affirmation reader can be configured to examine the limitations based on the performance of the older downstream readers to make sure consistent performance through the entire assembly process. Marking Performance The conventional printed circuit board sign is a fully-automated, SMEMA-compliant, through-conveyor laser marking system. Discover further on an affiliated portfolio by going to contract manufacturing china. The overall output of the laser sign is comprised of many measures which make up the observing routine. The steps required to mark one multi-array cell are 1. Transport and location of the cell within the area. 2. Fiducial area recognition (optional) 3. Marking of the first enterprise in the range 4. Evidence of the marked 2-d matrix code (optional) 5. Movement of the laser marking visit the next world within the variety. 6. Repeat steps 3 and 4 for the residual tracks within the selection. 7. Transportation of the panel out from the laser marking system (associated with taking another panel in) Cost of Operation Cost of operation is a lot less than 1.00 hourly. Typical utilities needs are 110VAC, 1-phase, 12A. A compressed air supply is necessary for your pneumatics. Whole resources expenses at maximum laser power (the laser must actually operate at less-then 80-year rated power) are 0.12 per hour. The principal palatable object may be the CO2 laser tube that must definitely be replaced every 3 to 5 years at a price of usually 1,000.00 to 1,500.00. Assuming a 40-hour workweek and tube life of 3 years, the tube replacement cost would mean 0.18 per hour for a total running cost of 0.30 per hour under worst case conditions. Actual operating costs is likely to be lower as a result of significantly less than maximum electrical consumption and longer tube life. For standard pcb laser marking applications, the cost for marking is significantly less than 0.0003 per circuit. Overview The electronics industry has been searching for a cost and technically effective means of applying machine-readable codes to printed circuit boards since the 1980's. Early attempts included laser marking linear barcodes to the board edge, a daunting challenge for reader positioning, and marking linear barcodes alongside world traces, also a challenge for barcode readers. Bar-code content was limited to a few characters because of limited space and the barcodes character-per-inch volume. The devel-opment of the 2D matrix signal with the permanence, resolution and speed of beam-steered laser marking technology now provides producers a flexible, cost-effective, reliable and verifiable way to uniquely identify every product through generation, distribution and after-sale..